8/31/2023 0 Comments Nasopharynx auditory tube![]() ![]() The area behind the auricle and the external auditory canal are innervated by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve. Function: Sound waves cause vibration of the tympanic membrane, which in turn transmits these vibrations to the ossicles of the middle ear (i.e., the malleus, incus, and stapes).Cone of light: a cone-shaped light reflection of the otoscope light in the anterior inferior quadrant, which helps with orientation.Umbo: the point where ossicles attach to the tympanic membrane.Cutaneous outer, fibrous middle, and mucous inner layer.Function: transmission of sound waves to the tympanic membrane.Epithelium contains ceruminous glands that produce cerumen ( ear wax): yellow-brownish, waxy, bactericidal secretion.Lined by thin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium along the entire canal also covers the external tympanic membrane. ![]() The outer third is formed by cartilage, the inner two thirds are formed by bone.External auditory meatus (auditory canal).Function: collects sound waves important for directional hearing.Definition: the external portion of the ear.It transmits information to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The organ of Corti is responsible for sound detection, and it transmits auditory information to the brain via the cochlear nerve, while the vestibular system is responsible for the registration of body movement and spatial orientation. The inner ear is a fluid-filled cavity that contains the organ of Corti and the vestibular system. The ossicles amplify the resulting vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear via the oval window. The auricle captures sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal towards the tympanic membrane, thus setting it in motion. The eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere. The middle ear is a hollow structure that comprises the tympanic cavity, the ossicles, and the eustachian tube. The outer ear comprises the auricle ( pinna), external auditory meatus (auditory canal), and tympanic membrane ( eardrum), which separates the outer ear from the middle ear. It is divided into three sections: the outer, the middle, and the inner ear. The ear is the organ of hearing and balance. ![]()
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